Chinese History 405-412 9/27

MWH p. 405-412

How did the Communists come to power in China?

1. Revolution and the warlord era

a. Explain the three major crises of this era?

i. The Opium Wars with Europe caused China's sea ports to be taken over by foreign powers.

ii. Japan's war with China caused land to be taken away and they were forced to pay for it.

iii. Civil wars caused the Chinese government to fail and China to slowly split.

b. What was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution?

Radical ideas about forming a democratic government and reforming the government which upset the people when the government tried to respond to it by making false promises.

c. What were the two important positive developments that took place during the Warlord Era?

i. The May the Fourth Movement began in 1919 which was a student demonstration in Beijing protesting the warlords and against traditional Chinese culture and anti-Japanese.

ii.The KMT gradually grew stronger and succeeded into bring China as a whole by putting the warlords under control by 1928.

2. The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek

a. What were Sun Yat-sen's three goals for China?

i. Nationalism- make china independent, untied, and strong.

ii. Democracy- Ruled by people themselves not by warlords after educated the people of democratic self government techniques.

iii. Land reform- economic development and redistribution of land to peasants.

b. What three steps did Chiang take to consolidate power?

i. His Northern March which consisted in destroying the warlords of central and northern china.

ii. Removing the communists from powerful places and trying to remove them fully.

iii. And to ultimately help out the people with money in China such as landowners, industrial owners etc..

3. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party

a. How did the Communists survive the extermination campaigns?

They marched 6000 miles to find safely when only 20,000 made it they were able to start a new base in the Yenan in the Shensi province.

b. Why did Mao and the Communists gain support?

i. KMT spent to much time looking after wealthy people (industrialists, landowners, bankers) Nothing for the peasants.

ii. They had not improved the factor conditions but they did make laws for them and did not find it necessary to enforce them.

iii. KMT didn't improve poverty for the peasants who had trouble getting meals and even living on land.

iv. The KMT didn't resist the Japanese, they felt it was more important to defeat the communists than the Japanese, so the Communists though this could be played against the KMT to gain support.

4. Briefly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give 2 reasons
They were able to gain support of the peasants by promises of land and getting rid of the landowners, industrialists, bankers. Basically everything the KMT wasn't doing that was annoying the Chinese the communists were going to do. They also sough to get rid of Japan which was a huge support boost for them and gave them time to increase their, armies and bases by 1945 they had nineteen base areas controlling 100 million people.

Independent Reflective Learning 03

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/4839116/Neo-Nazis-plotting-Fourth-Reich-in-Germany.html

News story

By Allan Hall in Berlin
Published: 2:49PM GMT 26 Feb 2009

It connects to what we are studying in class because we are studying how Hitler came to power and the "Third Reich" in Germany 60 plus years ago and it is trying to reoccur again. It enhances what we've learned in class because now I get a even better understanding of how the world has taken in the whole " Third Reich Nazi regime" some have come to want to have it never repeat again and others are so determine to let it happen again, the next question this article brings to mind is will be it be political or forceful tried for this "Fourth Reich" to come about. The limitations are the interviews of the Neo-Nazis are from party that may have really not understand what their doing or taking it to a extreme where they will not be successful like violent tactics, this article says nothing about their political tactics.

Russian History 339-343

Were the revolutions of 1917 inevitable?

A. Reforms under Nicholas II

1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?

i. All his opponents were not untied:

ii.there was no central leadership this wasn't really a though out planned revolution.

iii. he was willing to compromise at the critical moment by issuing the October Manifesto, promising concessions.

iv. he had a army at his disposal that were still loyal to him.

2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?

i. improvements in industrial working conditions and pay for workers.

ii. cancellation of redemption payments- these were annual payments to the government by peasants in return for their freedom and some land. Payments had reduced over half the rual population to dire poverty.

iii. more freedom for the press: a.k.a freedom of speech

iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma would play an important part in running the country as a type of parliament.

3. What happened to the Dumas?

They kept failing the First Duma (1906) was not democratically elected, and they had rights over the Tsar which upset him causing them to dispersed after ten weeks, The Second Duma (1907) suffered the same fate, while the Third Duma (1907-1912_ and the Fourth Duma (1912-1917) lasted longer because they were conservative but criticized the government because the Tsar still controlled the ministers and the secret police.

B. Strengths of the regime

1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?

i. He got rid of redemption payments so that they would be able to buy land.

ii. Encouraged them to buy their own land.

iii. what is a kulak?

Its the peasant class that is well off and would support the government against a revolution, they owned land.

2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers?

Better working conditions such as workers' sickness and accident insurance.

3. other positive signs for the regime

i. Universal education within ten years by 1914 opening an extra 50,000 primary schools.

ii. At the same time revolutionary parties seemed to have lost heart; they were short of money, torn by disagreements, and their leaders were still in exile.

C. Weaknesses of the regime

1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?

i. Because the peasant population was growing to rapidly

ii.And because the farming methods were too old fashioned.

2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI?

They kept increasing over the years doubling and doubling up to 1914: 270 strikes, 2000, 2400, then 4000.

3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?

i.peasants

ii.industrial workers

iii. intelligentsia

4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?

i. Bolsheviks - (Red) the communists

ii. Mensheviks - strict marxists worked with peasants.

iii. Social Revolutionaries - not marxists they were striving for a agrarian society based on peasant communities operating collectively.

5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?

i. Stolypin's death - They were said to have had a part in his death due to his liberalness.

ii. Rasputin - Defendend him from public cristisms.

D. World War I

What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?

i. incompetent and corrupt organizations

ii. the shortage of equipment.

iii. poor transport organizations and distributions meant that arms and ammunition were to slow to reach the front.

iv. food became scarce

v.trains were monoplolized.

Germany History pg 300-309

GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309

Why did the Weimar Republic fail?

A. Disadvantages

1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?

i. Because it blamed the German people for the first world war.

ii. They had to paid the war reparations to all countries affected in the war even though Germany's economy was plummeting.

iii. Their arms now had to be limited and restricted.
iv. They had all their foreign territories taken away, they had East and West Prussia divided as well.

2. who did people generally believe should run the country?

i. The officers of the German army

were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?

ii. Yes because the German peoples view was that the government had stabbed the soldiers and even the German people in the back by giving up on a war they were not loosing.

3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?

i.All the political parties in Germany would have fair representation.

ii.No parties where every able to win because their was so many of them.

4. why did the political parties have no experience?

i.Because the Reichstag had not controlled policy the Chancellor did.

how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?

ii. They formed private armies in the chance that their disagreements lead to a civil war.

B. Outbreaks of Violence

1. Sparticists

i. who was behind it?

The Communists where behind the Sparticits.

ii. how bad was it?

They took over almost all of Germany.

iii. how was it defeated?

The Government with the help of the anti communist groups where able to defeat them and kill the leaders.

2. Kapp Putsch

i. who was behind it?

The Freikorps.

ii. how bad was it?

Not bad at all

iii. how was it defeated?

The German people all striked causing the Kapp to resign as Chancellor.

3. assassinations

i. who was behind it?

Ex-Freikorps.

ii. how bad was it?

Two important men where killed, but since they were right winged they were left off easi

4. Beer Hall Putsch

i. who was behind it?

Hitler

ii. how bad was it?

Not to bad.

iii. how was it defeated?

The police broke up Hitler's march and he was sentenced to 9 months in jail.

5. private armies

i. who was behind it?

Usually between Nazis and communists.

ii. how bad was it?

Street fights and riots fights.

iii. how was it defeated?

It really wasn't people would join to the better side the Government couldn't keep control of the fights.

C. Economic problems

1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?

Because the war lasted longer than they excepted.

2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?

Because they paided back what they could and asked to suspend the reparations till the economy picked back up which France refused.

3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?

Ruhr was seized under French control.

E. Nazi popularity

1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?

i.They offered unity, prosperity, and full employment.

ii.

2. i.What was the SA?

Storm Troopers

ii. Why was the SA so popular?

They were good looking, they had a job, and were well uniformed.

3. Where did the fear of communism come from?

From wealthy landowners and industrialists.

4. What were Hitler's political abilities?

i.Energy

ii.Will-power

iii.public speaking

iv.He didn't exclude any Germans in Germany from spreading the word.

5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?
Rich people who feared the governement and the communists, unemployed people, army officers who felt betrayed.

IRL 2 09/15/09

1)http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=1271
2) Website dedicated to World Crisis Worldwide.
3)International Crisis Group
4) Its a view of what the effects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict has done to the middle east on going since the late 40s. Showing how this on going rivalry affects surrounding countries.
5) It enhances what we've learned in class because, in the civil war the Israeli's where attacked by all neighboring countries and drove the Paleinstians to the West Bank, and put their army as buffering for the neighboring countries who attacked them seem to be almost imploding because their countries are diverging to people who can live with this and others who want to fight back again.
6)Limiations faced with this source is it doesn't mention the Israeli people, just the Arab countries and how bad they are from this conflict while the Israeli people are facing terrorists attacks daily.

Pages 23-29 QUestions

1. Why was the struggle for Jerusalem so important for the Israelis?

2. Who won and who lost in the war?

3. What was agreed under the armistices?

4. Why was there no peace treaty?

5. Which side had the stronger military forces?

6. What were the war aims of King Abdullah of Jordan?

1)Because they wanted their holy sites back and they believed if they could defeat, King Abdullah's forces Arab Legion it would cause all other invaders to back down.
2)Israeli had won the war because they gained more land and territory at only 6000 lives and drove most of the Palestinians into Gaza.
3)Egypt would get back the land that Israeli took during the war, Israeli and Jordan had a partition on Jerusalem, while Jordan took over the Gaza (west bank) territory. Syria gained a buffering zone where Israeli nor Syria could have any military forces.
4)Because Israeli blamed Arabs for the war while the Arabs blamed the Israeli for the refugee problem and bother felt like they should be compensated.
5)Israeli had a growing army with increasing number or weapons and troops that had more experience from fighting in World War II.
6)To become the leader of Israeli and add it to their land, to seize and defend Jerusalem and to drive a deeper wedge into the Arab and Israeli conflict.

Pages 15-22 and Questions

1. What was Zionist policy in Palestine in the late 1930's?
2. How did Zionist policy change after the war?
3. Why was US support so important for the Zionists?
4. Why and how did the Zionists resort to terrorism in Palestine?
5. What was the response to the UNSCOP report?
6. Why was there a civil war in Palestine?

1. The policy was to keep Jewish affairs such as education for Jewish children and they wanted to partition.
2. First there many priority was to support the English in the war, once it was over there many concern was picking things back up which the British didn't want, after loosing 6 million Jews in the Holocaust the Jews refused to be silent and began terrorists attacks.
3.Because the Zionists needed the second superpower to but pressure on the British to make a separate Jewish state, and they though if they could pressure all the Jewish people in the united states they could pressure there own government.
4.Because they felt like they were being ignored and could not be patient and though that by having separate states they could take in more immigrants from the Holocaust survivors. They began to target British military bases, railroads, and bridges.
5. Jews were very happy about it but the Arabs still declined the idea by the UN.
6.Because the Arabs were upset with the British and the Jews, they wanted their land back not to be separated, and other neighboring countries tried to help out the Arabs get land and kick out the Jews.

Pages 10-14 Questions

Why were Palestinian Arabs angry about Jews immigrating to Palestine after WWI?

Because the Jews were buying land and evicting the Arabs who worked on the land, the Arabs were also angry because they just got over the hold Turkey had on them and now the British were doing the same thing and letting thousands of Jews migrate into their home land.

Why did British rule lead to an Arab rebellion in Palestine?

Because they kept deciding not to restrict immigrations because they though it would cause more foreign problems with USA and all the Jews rather than just the Arabs, who kept having some out breaks but then broke out into a civil war because Britain wasn't controlling how Jews could come in causing the population to skyrocket.

Why did the British decide on, and later reject, the partition of Palestine?
When Arabs refused to split their home land, Britain was afraid that Arabs would join Hitler which would cause a oil issue so they decided they wanted to make Palestine a independent nation which wouldn't be a Jewish or a Arab state but they would govern it together.

Pages 1-9 Questions

What was the Jewish claim to Palestine?
The Jewish claimed Palestine was the "Promise Land" where they could escape persecution and celebrate "Next Year in Jerusalem"
What was the importance of Balfour Declaration?
Jews believed that the support from Britain would help create a Jewish state.
What was the Arab claim to Palestine?
The Arabs wanted to claim Palestine as their own to spread their religion and they also wanted to be independent from other countries.
To what extent was the First World War a turning point in the struggle for Arab independence?
If the Arabs helped and rebelled against the Turkish, Britain would recognize and support Arab independent. However Britain and France were waiting to split up Arab lands.
Why did Britain and France want mandates in the middle east?
Because they'd be able to keep order in the middle east countries until they were seen fit to govern themselves as independent nations.

Independent Reflective Learning 01

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/01/israelandthepalestinians.international

Article

Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem

It connects because it talks about the slowning down of deaths in Israelis and Palestinians; "The number of Israelis and Palestinians killed in the Middle East conflict dropped last year but human rights abuses continued, a leading Israeli human rights group said yesterday." The view point of some of the things viewed in class was that it may build up again causing another war because of abuses, which is the Palenstinians view while the Israelis view is "The Israeli rights group criticised Palestinian violence, describing attacks on Israeli civilians as war crimes and unjustified." Both don't see the wrongs and they are too busy fighting to see its killing their people. It adds even more value than the articles read in class because you get even more perspective of both sides of the conflict by a man in Jerusalem. The limitations i face is that everything in History is basis and since the man is from Jerusalem meaning he could make the problems in Israel seem worse than they are to get support will the US or try to raise propaganda and could take a extremist viewpoint on the situation without knowing all the facts.