IB HL1 SGQ 11 Origins of WWII

IBHL1 SGQ11

Why was the time period 1933 to 1939 such a crucial era in world history?

MWH p.69-84

1. Relations between Japan and China

a. Japanese invasion of Manchuria

i. why?- Because there were important trading ports and Japan felt since they had put the money and effort into the place that should be able to control it.

ii. who supported them? who was opposed? British Foreign Secretary Supported them while the Chinese opposed this.

iii. what was done? Nothing was done.

b. Japanese advance from Manchuria

i. explain - In 2 years Japan had taken most of China which they had no claim over to begin with. They controlled it politically and commercially

c. Further invasions

i. explain - They planned to take over other parts of China.

ii. what did the League of Nations do? Although China complained no one could stop China they could only condemn them.

2. Mussolini's foreign policy

a. 1923-1934 (summarize)

i. He attended Locarno Conference but was upset that he wasn't guaranteed protection from Austria.

ii. He and other countries; Greece, Hungary, Albania, and Yugislavia signed agreements of economic and defense.

iii. He kept good relations with Britain

iv. Signed a non-aggression act with USSR in 1933

v. Tried to keep Austria non nazi.

b. after 1934 - how had Mussolini's attitude changed? examples:

i. Joined British and French in condemning German after they announced conscription.

ii. Invasion of Ethiopia

1. what did the League of Nations do? It condemned Italy as a aggressor and put a economic sanction on them.

iii. Tried to establish a 3 fascist state in Europe by helping Spain

iv. Roman - Berlin Axis

v. Munich agreement to help keep peace for his people

vi. Invasion of Albania

vii. Full Alliance with Germany (Pact of Steel) 1939. Promising Germany full military support if war came.

3. Hitler's foreign policy

a. aims

i. Destroy the Versailles settlement

ii. build up army

iii. recover lost territory

iv. bring all German speaking people inside the Reich.

b. successes

i. Removed Germany from World Disarmament Conference and League of Nations.

ii. Signed 10 year non aggression act with Poles

iii. Tried to form a union with Austria

iv. The Saar was returned to Germany

v. Conscription in 1935

vi. Anglo- German Naval Agreement

vii. Sent troops into demilitarized Rhineland

viii. Roman- Berlin Axis and Comintern Pact with Japan

ix. Joining of Germany and Austria in 1938

4. Appeasement

a. what is appeasement? summarize the two phases:

i. War must be avoided at all costs.

ii. Negotiation rather than force.

b. how was it justified?

i. Avoiding war at all costs.

ii. Revising the hated parts of Versailles.

iii. Personal contact between leaders.

iv. Economic co-operation between Britain and Germany

v. Preventing the fear of Communism

vi. Preventing full scale war

c. what was the role of appeasement leading up to WWII?

i. No action was taken to check the obvious German rearmament.

ii. The Anglo- German Naval Agreement did not include France and Italy.

iii. Half hearted British action towards Italian invasion.

iv. French were shocked to see German soldiers in Rhineland

v. Neither France nor Britain stepped in the Spanish Civil War.

vi. Divided on whether Germany and Austria should be rejoined.

5. Munich to the outbreak of war

a. Czechoslovakia - what were the three steps to the conquest of Czechoslovakia?

i. Taking of Sudetenland.

ii. Hitler set up a meeting with Britain and Italy but not the Czechs and told if they resisted Germany they would receive no help.

iii. Hitler was able to essential take 70% of Czech heavy industry.

b. Poland - what were the two steps to the conquest of Poland?

i. Hitler demanded back Danzig and British didn't find this unreasonable but promised to start a war if they did.

ii. The Polish were attacked from both sides which caused Britain to declare war on Germany.