1. There hasn't been many women in power or in parliament since the time of Margaret Thatcher, however "Lastly, the representation of women in the European Parliament has gradually grown during the last four decades. The Common Assembly ( 1952-58) included one woman out of 78 representatives, or 1.3 percent of the total. This increased marginally to 3 percent of members in the Parliament of the Six ( 1958-1972), then 5.5 percent in 1978 (European Commission 1979)." Thatcher's goal was to give everyone man or women a political voice, and women's representation has increased in parliament. Also when it came to voting, "The major breakthrough came in the first direct elections in 1979, resulting in 69 women out of 410 representatives, or 16.8 percent. The proportion increased, with some fluctuations, during the next decade until by 1994 one-quarter of all MEPs are women. This compares with women constituting about a fifth (16 percent) of members in equivalent national legislatures." Women may not have been in power but they had a say who would be in power. However omen elected in European elections have been the lowest in the UK, fluctuating around 14-18% from 1979 to 1994 which is the lowest in Europe.
2. Thatcher winning and becoming Britain's first female prime minister affected the role of women for several reasons. One by having a women in power, she is going to make laws that are beneficial to helping womanhood, this may be why laws of easier divorce and contraceptives where put in place towards the end of the 60s, it didn't stop women from having a voice politically. Also Thatcher was very conservative meaning older traditions such as only men having political power were put to the test by having a women being prime minster. Also with her winning, came human rights that helped to not alienate women as much as they were in previous generations. Her becoming prime minister and defending human rights would lead to a diverge still in UK today about the idea of political free choice and how its a human right. Which is something women did not have the right to do do prior her winning the role of prime minister. Thatcher is even quoted saying, "It would seem a worthy objective for men and women to wish to raise the standard of living for their families and to give them greater opportunities than they themselves had. I wish more people would do it. We would then have fewer saying, "the state must do it."
3. Religion evolved into something less important in the country, with the abortion laws of 1967, and also with contraceptives available from the Swinging Sixties. Plus with the Family Planning Act of 1967, this lead to women becoming educated about not having to have children if they wished not to and also giving them more rights. Religious beliefs would definitely be against contraceptives which would cause the idea of religion in the UK to go down since 1945 and cause Uk to become more liberal about contraceptives and religion towards the 21st century. Also, "There was, of course, a time when the Christian religion was the only permitted form of worship in our land. Today we live in what is called a "plural society," one in which many different traditions of belief exist alongside each other and also alongside other more recent fashions-those of total disbelief or even nihilism. No doubt we have absorbed much from other systems of belief and contributed much to them. The change, however, has also brought its dilemmas, not least for the legislator." Religion slowly evolved in something that was less important especially for women in from 1945- to 2000, which is seen in the Swinging Sixties with the idea of homosexuality and adultery, becoming more open and accepted.
WORKS CITED:
Katz, Richard S. and Bernhard Wessels, eds. 1999. The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=41395869. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.
Roberts, Clayton Roberts David. “A History of England: 1688 to the present”. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980.
Thompson, Juliet S. and Wayne C. Thompson, eds. 1994. Margaret Thatcher: Prime Minister Indomitable. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85710688. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Monday, February 28, 2011
Case Study: United Kingdom
1. Compare and contrast the equality of life of the working class and the middle class between 1945 and 2000.
The working class consists of skilled and unskilled labor, which in theory would increase skilled labor and unskilled labor for the working class as time progresses. Due to advancement in technologies and also education. Though in the 60s there was a education boom where more people where going to college that belonged to the middle class, however beginning in the 1970s education became even greater due to more money being put into social reforms in the UK. Education became more democratic though in 1973, 20% of British 18 years old received education compared to 75% in America. This left a huge class diverges in Britain at the time with a rich, middle, and lower class. A huge diverge between the social classes would be due to Even with the reforms that Wilson put forth, education was still a problem. According to historians Clayton Roberts and David Roberts authors of “A History of England: 1688 to the Present” (1980), only 25% of the 16 year olds went to school and only 15% of them received any form of higher education. The equality for life between the working and the middle class had a bigger diverge in the late 70s because of unemployment which caused the younger people to loose jobs while older people felt more stability.
2. Compare and contrast avenues for social mobility in 1945 and 2000.
Chances of switching social classes in 1945 seemed more likely due to everyone in the UK becoming affected by the war so that everyone could easily move down or even the elimination of the social classes. However they were restored with the aid of the Marshall plan and economic aid from the West after World War II. It seemed that social mobility was more likely in 2000 because of economic booms and education reforms from Parliament which helped give people the chance to rise up from what class they were in or, even increase in growth rates would yield increase in social mobility because children born when education is improved have a better chance from moving up from the working class, which they're family are in into, middle class. Also with time passing 2000 is more great for social mobility because people are abandoning the older cultural traditions and values in the UK and becoming more liberal therefore being born into the upper class goes away while working your way into the upper class is more likely.
The working class consists of skilled and unskilled labor, which in theory would increase skilled labor and unskilled labor for the working class as time progresses. Due to advancement in technologies and also education. Though in the 60s there was a education boom where more people where going to college that belonged to the middle class, however beginning in the 1970s education became even greater due to more money being put into social reforms in the UK. Education became more democratic though in 1973, 20% of British 18 years old received education compared to 75% in America. This left a huge class diverges in Britain at the time with a rich, middle, and lower class. A huge diverge between the social classes would be due to Even with the reforms that Wilson put forth, education was still a problem. According to historians Clayton Roberts and David Roberts authors of “A History of England: 1688 to the Present” (1980), only 25% of the 16 year olds went to school and only 15% of them received any form of higher education. The equality for life between the working and the middle class had a bigger diverge in the late 70s because of unemployment which caused the younger people to loose jobs while older people felt more stability.
2. Compare and contrast avenues for social mobility in 1945 and 2000.
Chances of switching social classes in 1945 seemed more likely due to everyone in the UK becoming affected by the war so that everyone could easily move down or even the elimination of the social classes. However they were restored with the aid of the Marshall plan and economic aid from the West after World War II. It seemed that social mobility was more likely in 2000 because of economic booms and education reforms from Parliament which helped give people the chance to rise up from what class they were in or, even increase in growth rates would yield increase in social mobility because children born when education is improved have a better chance from moving up from the working class, which they're family are in into, middle class. Also with time passing 2000 is more great for social mobility because people are abandoning the older cultural traditions and values in the UK and becoming more liberal therefore being born into the upper class goes away while working your way into the upper class is more likely.
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
Income Inequality
To what extent to you believe income inequality is one of the three biggest problems facing Europe in the era we are studying?
I agree that income inequality is one of the biggest problems in the Europe that we are studying, because it appears since the rich control the money in a government, there is more likely to have a diverge in the social classes. This diverge will lead to the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. According to the Economist, the people who wrote on Wall Street are getting richer, and during the economic recession that came about it saw more people getting poorer and poorer. This is also evident to be a problem in Europe during the late 60s into the 80s, because with every step to fix the economic problems, income inequality still plagued Europe. Though to show a counter claim, in Franco's regime, income inequality to a extent lessened when most peoples income increased exponentially. While in the rest of Europe, The CAP was put into place to help with the economy but it seemed to not help the idea of income inequality at all because of corruption from the people that control the money. This is seen in the Economist in the news today and can evidently be seen in Europe many years back, that due to people controlling the money it leads to corruption which will lead to income inequality which is one of the biggest problems.
I agree that income inequality is one of the biggest problems in the Europe that we are studying, because it appears since the rich control the money in a government, there is more likely to have a diverge in the social classes. This diverge will lead to the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. According to the Economist, the people who wrote on Wall Street are getting richer, and during the economic recession that came about it saw more people getting poorer and poorer. This is also evident to be a problem in Europe during the late 60s into the 80s, because with every step to fix the economic problems, income inequality still plagued Europe. Though to show a counter claim, in Franco's regime, income inequality to a extent lessened when most peoples income increased exponentially. While in the rest of Europe, The CAP was put into place to help with the economy but it seemed to not help the idea of income inequality at all because of corruption from the people that control the money. This is seen in the Economist in the news today and can evidently be seen in Europe many years back, that due to people controlling the money it leads to corruption which will lead to income inequality which is one of the biggest problems.
Monday, January 31, 2011
Verdict Activity
1. He was able to bring the economy back to in West Germany, get rid of unemployment and even inflation at all timme lows something that had no been done in a while. He was able to successful increase economic prosperity, material wealth, and political stability, according to verdict B. He was also successful because according to Verdict C the people of Germany were worried about going back to the abyss that German was with Hitler in charge. And Adenauer successful helped that from happening.
2. His ignorance towards East Germany. Especially since people felt he refused a great offer by the Soviets to reunite West and East Germany and make them neutral to the Western and Eastern powers. It also appeared that he choose to side with the West when he joined NATO. Verdict E shows criticism that Adenauer he was a puppet to the US in trying to reconstruct West Germany. Which is justifiable because in all aspects he did in fact come together with the US and the West with constructing Germany. Verdict D is justifiable because of the Hallstein Doctrine, that claimed that anything that associated with East Germany didn't exist to West Germany. The reason why it says anything past them is Siberia is because most states towards that way were in fact communist or under communist control which means they had to associate with East Germany.
2. His ignorance towards East Germany. Especially since people felt he refused a great offer by the Soviets to reunite West and East Germany and make them neutral to the Western and Eastern powers. It also appeared that he choose to side with the West when he joined NATO. Verdict E shows criticism that Adenauer he was a puppet to the US in trying to reconstruct West Germany. Which is justifiable because in all aspects he did in fact come together with the US and the West with constructing Germany. Verdict D is justifiable because of the Hallstein Doctrine, that claimed that anything that associated with East Germany didn't exist to West Germany. The reason why it says anything past them is Siberia is because most states towards that way were in fact communist or under communist control which means they had to associate with East Germany.
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
European Union
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128389419
Npr
July 8th 2010.
New Story.
A very brief history on the European Union.
IN 1967, Three institutions of the Europeans communities merge as one, creating a single commission.
Something interesting about it is that in 1979, people of the European countries were given the right to vote for their parliament in the EU.
In 2002 12 out of the 15 countries switch to the Euro as their form of currency.
In 2008 the Euro reaches a all time high of 1.5843 to the dollar, but the worldwide recession that is coming up that will take a hugh toll on the economy of the EU.
In 2010 however the Euro takes a high going down to 1.19 to the dollar, trying to bail out Greece as well who is failing behind in the EU which has expanded to about 27 members form its 6 members in 1957.
Npr
July 8th 2010.
New Story.
A very brief history on the European Union.
IN 1967, Three institutions of the Europeans communities merge as one, creating a single commission.
Something interesting about it is that in 1979, people of the European countries were given the right to vote for their parliament in the EU.
In 2002 12 out of the 15 countries switch to the Euro as their form of currency.
In 2008 the Euro reaches a all time high of 1.5843 to the dollar, but the worldwide recession that is coming up that will take a hugh toll on the economy of the EU.
In 2010 however the Euro takes a high going down to 1.19 to the dollar, trying to bail out Greece as well who is failing behind in the EU which has expanded to about 27 members form its 6 members in 1957.
Thursday, January 13, 2011
Franco Questions
1.They agree - not a fascist, brutality. Disagree preserve change.
2.Because not enough time has passed to analyze documents and because of the time period he rule and since Spain stayed pretty neutral after WWII. And he may has ruled for 40 years but it has been the most recent 40 years.
3.I don't think it does because since there hasn't been a predominantly and named fascist state besides Italy and a little bit in Germany, people tend to misuse the word because it's been so long. People confuse fascism for other ideologies and assume that just because the connotation that the word has and the dictators involved people misuse it and compare people to the dictators that were fascist not the actual ideology of fascism.
4. - Totalitarian
- leader
- anti conservative
-Self sufficient
Franco was not a fascist because he wasn't self sufficient because he first sought out help from Hitler during the civil war and even received aid from the US. Also he wasn't the only leader of Spain, he had a political party and a heir to take over once he died. He wasn't anti Conservative though he was a totalitarian, he however was not a fascist.
2.Because not enough time has passed to analyze documents and because of the time period he rule and since Spain stayed pretty neutral after WWII. And he may has ruled for 40 years but it has been the most recent 40 years.
3.I don't think it does because since there hasn't been a predominantly and named fascist state besides Italy and a little bit in Germany, people tend to misuse the word because it's been so long. People confuse fascism for other ideologies and assume that just because the connotation that the word has and the dictators involved people misuse it and compare people to the dictators that were fascist not the actual ideology of fascism.
4. - Totalitarian
- leader
- anti conservative
-Self sufficient
Franco was not a fascist because he wasn't self sufficient because he first sought out help from Hitler during the civil war and even received aid from the US. Also he wasn't the only leader of Spain, he had a political party and a heir to take over once he died. He wasn't anti Conservative though he was a totalitarian, he however was not a fascist.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
Spain Ch. 5.5 Questions
Paper 3 topic: Spain
Things to know about:
Franco’s regime and the transition to, and establishment of, democracy under Juan Carlos, including an examination of the social, political and economic issues facing Spain and the methods used to cope with challenges
Questions for “Ch. 5.5 Spain 53-75”
1. What three successes did Spain experience in international relations between 1950 and 1955? The US had given them a 62 million dollar loan, a membership in UNESCO and a full membership in the United Nations.
2. What were three examples of the economic problems facing Spain in the 1950s?
They were economically weak. The per capita meat consumption was half of what it had been in 1926. Also bread consumption was half since 1936. Mass corruption lead to people paying double to the black market double those in the shops.
3. What is Opus Dei? What is a technocrat?
A political party that was put in place under Franco in oder to solve a series of policy solutions to Spain's economic crisis. A technocrat is someone who is in charge of solving economic problems for the government that they work for.
4. What specific economic policies made up the Stabilization Plan of 1957? What does Desarollo mean?
To fix inflation and debts that were owed it also was put into place to help unemployment which was at a all time high at 35%. Desarollo is when there is a oil crisis or not being cut off from receiving oil.
5. What other factor(s) helped boost the Spanish economy of the 1960s?
"Franco's Peace", and the Opus Dei worked, the economy become more stable and met short term goals.
6. What were three examples of the economic improvement experienced by Spaniards during the 1960s?
1) 4 to 66% in owning refrigerators.
2)1 to 10% in owning cars
3)A higher diverge between richer and poor do to tripling in wages
7. What types of media came to dominate Spanish culture during the 1960s?
Television, and controlling the football sports, since this was the pastime essentially for the people were they felt happy, he could control their happiness essentially.
8. What are three ways that economic growth in Spain undermined the social structure that helped create Franco’s regime?
1) Diverge with the rich north and the poor south.
2) Rapid urbanization of Spain.
3) Education reforms, paradoxical consequences.
9. Briefly summarize the “anti-democratic” legacy of the Franco regime.
A denouncement of Franco because of his selfish behavior and his radically reconstruction of the state. And all his polices that reformed Spain, on media, women and education.
10. Briefly summarize the “institutionalized discrimination against married women” in Spain in the 1970s.
Married women had no rights, they were second class citizens who signed their rights over the the husbands basically, they couldn't open property or even get a job without the permission of the their spouse.
11. Briefly describe how nationalist minority groups behaved and were treated in Spain during the 1960s and 1970s.
Franco had restrictions on them because he didn't want them in his country. Some behaved as terrorist like such as the ETA, others were killed by the government in trials because of the affiliations.
Things to know about:
Franco’s regime and the transition to, and establishment of, democracy under Juan Carlos, including an examination of the social, political and economic issues facing Spain and the methods used to cope with challenges
Questions for “Ch. 5.5 Spain 53-75”
1. What three successes did Spain experience in international relations between 1950 and 1955? The US had given them a 62 million dollar loan, a membership in UNESCO and a full membership in the United Nations.
2. What were three examples of the economic problems facing Spain in the 1950s?
They were economically weak. The per capita meat consumption was half of what it had been in 1926. Also bread consumption was half since 1936. Mass corruption lead to people paying double to the black market double those in the shops.
3. What is Opus Dei? What is a technocrat?
A political party that was put in place under Franco in oder to solve a series of policy solutions to Spain's economic crisis. A technocrat is someone who is in charge of solving economic problems for the government that they work for.
4. What specific economic policies made up the Stabilization Plan of 1957? What does Desarollo mean?
To fix inflation and debts that were owed it also was put into place to help unemployment which was at a all time high at 35%. Desarollo is when there is a oil crisis or not being cut off from receiving oil.
5. What other factor(s) helped boost the Spanish economy of the 1960s?
"Franco's Peace", and the Opus Dei worked, the economy become more stable and met short term goals.
6. What were three examples of the economic improvement experienced by Spaniards during the 1960s?
1) 4 to 66% in owning refrigerators.
2)1 to 10% in owning cars
3)A higher diverge between richer and poor do to tripling in wages
7. What types of media came to dominate Spanish culture during the 1960s?
Television, and controlling the football sports, since this was the pastime essentially for the people were they felt happy, he could control their happiness essentially.
8. What are three ways that economic growth in Spain undermined the social structure that helped create Franco’s regime?
1) Diverge with the rich north and the poor south.
2) Rapid urbanization of Spain.
3) Education reforms, paradoxical consequences.
9. Briefly summarize the “anti-democratic” legacy of the Franco regime.
A denouncement of Franco because of his selfish behavior and his radically reconstruction of the state. And all his polices that reformed Spain, on media, women and education.
10. Briefly summarize the “institutionalized discrimination against married women” in Spain in the 1970s.
Married women had no rights, they were second class citizens who signed their rights over the the husbands basically, they couldn't open property or even get a job without the permission of the their spouse.
11. Briefly describe how nationalist minority groups behaved and were treated in Spain during the 1960s and 1970s.
Franco had restrictions on them because he didn't want them in his country. Some behaved as terrorist like such as the ETA, others were killed by the government in trials because of the affiliations.
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