SGQ14 Cuban Missiles and Detente

IBHL1 SGQ14

Guiding questions:

Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?

Analyse the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War.

Compare and contrast the role of China and Cuba in the Cold War.

MWH p. 147-149 and 162-165

A. Why did Castro come to power? (p. 147)

1. Why did many Cubans resent America?

a. Americans owned/exploited much of Cuba.

b. President was going to stop exporting Cuban Sugar.

c.Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961 in order to get rid of Fidel Castro.

2. Economic problems

a.Huge unemployment rates.

b. Conflicts with US since their major export was exported by the US

c. Unindustrialized Cuba

3. Why was there no effective political system?

Because in 1933 there was a military coup by Batista in which he was able to control the government and

crush all opposition for a SPS.

4. How did Castro rise to prominence?

He was able to gain support throughout Cuba, and used military warfare to get Batista to flee once the Castro regime began to make its way to Havana.

5. How did the revolution eventually play out?

a. Bastista's actions - He was a cruel dictator who killed any opposition and left Cuba, unindustrialized, high unemployment, and without a government.

b. USA's role - They had controlled a lot of Cuba's exporting industry and had American companies all over Cuba.

B. What was the revolution's effect on Cuba's foreign relations?

1. with the USA - Rocky because American's essentially didn't trust Castro and tried to overthrow him in 1961, and slowly cut off relations.

2. with the USSR - They were happy to help Castro, by putting missiles on the island for protection and bought Sugar to help their economy.

3. with other Latin American countries - Since most governments in Latin America are right wing they felt high suspicions towards the Cuban, and then expelled them from OAS.

C. Castro's domestic problems

1. economic issues

a. Need of help for exporting

b. Unemployment

c. needed to be industrialized.

2. attempted solutions

a. Five year type plans

b. Collectivize farms

c. Soviets bought Sugar exports for them

3. successes

a. Little output success.

b. Was able to survive on the sugar export

c. Tourism to help bring in money to the island.

D. Reasons for detente (p.162)

1. issues for the USSR

a. Hard to keep up with the Americans expense wise was crippling.

b. Problems controlling the Satellite Nations

c. And the bad terms between Khrushchev and Mao

2. issues for the US

They had to find a better way to cope with communism since they failed in Vietnam.

3. issues for China

The Chinese were anxious about American intentions with them and with Vietnam and not happy with the worsened relations with them and Soviets.

4. issues for Western Europe

Worried about being the front line of a nuclear war.

e. What was the nature of detente between the US and the USSR?

1. arms limitations -1972 they signed SALT which limited AMB, ICBM, and SLBM each side could have.

2. Helsinki Agreement - acknowledging the countries drawn up in Eastern Europe after WWII, and the Satellite Nations get freedom of speech and human rights.

3. what setbacks prevented further cooperation?

a. Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979

b. 1980s spent building up arsenal on both sides.

c. Russians deployment of 150 new Russian SS-20 missiles and the Americans put 500 Pershing and Cruise missiles to protect Europe.

4. summarize the arms race during the 1980s:

Very intense with new weapons and built even more that could reach each other and they were scattered everywhere, but Americans had "Star Wars" to essentially fight in space.

f. What was the nature of detente between the US and China?

1. how did each side reach out to the other?

Nixon visited China and invited Americans to table tennis, following this Americans allowed Chinese to join UN

2. what was the primary reason for the lack of full cooperation?

Because China wanted Taiwan to be considered apart of communist China, not nationalist.

3. what was the climax of detente?

Once America and China decided to co-operate, and they felt they had good enough relations. But Chinese were worried that Vietnam type thing would occur again.

4. what issues arose and created more tension?

The Chinese putting down the demonstration in Tienanmen Square. And their naval exerices in the straits of Taiwan.

g. Sino-Soviet relations

1. why did relations between the Soviets and Chinese deteriorate?

a. Because of Khrushchev's views of Stalin and Mao's views of Stalin.

b. Ideological arguments on how to run a communist nation.

2. what were Chinese grievances towards the USSR in 1984?

a. the presence of Russian troops in Afghanistan

b.Soviet backing of the Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea

c. the Soviet troop build-up along the Chinese frontiers of Mongolia and Manchuria.

3. how did tensions ease after 1984?

Gorbachev made five year agreements on trade and economic co-operations, also Vietnam in 1989 withdrew troops from Kampuchea.

Sino-American Relations

"No great realignment." What evidence is contained in all of the Sources A-C that the changes in the relations between the USA and the PRG in 1971 were less fundamental than is sometimes supposed?

Source A states that China has had little experience of conducting diplomacy based on the sovereign equality of nations. It also states the China's attitude toward foreign countries retains elements of aloofness, suspicion and hostility. This shows that China was very inexperienced when forming relations with the US showing it was less than fundamental. In Source B, the US would react with force if any reputation of Republic of China is lost in the UN. This shows that's less fundamental because the UN would still not realize that the communist were in control but believe that the nationalists in Taiwan still had some power. Source B also shows that the US and China, have different fundamentally social systems that lead to fundamentally different governments. In source C, secret meetings were held, and the conversations made were not recorded therefore the only information we have for public statements are, "today our two people as hold in their hand the future of the whole world?" It's less fundamental because the foreign policy changes an the Chinese and Americans are not making public to the people.

IRL 15

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/29/newsid_3087000/3087171.stm

News Story

From BBC

It connects to what we are studying in class because, as a class we just finished discussing the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and how it seemed we were doomed. This article relates because it shows how in 1960 Khrushchev was unpredictable and seem as irrational for freaking out on the UN.

It enhances what we've already learned in class because it essentially foreshadows events to come, seeing how unreasonable and irrational that he was, when he didn't get his way about the missiles being point at Turkey, it is a surprise that he and Kennedy were able to take a hot war and turn it back into a cold war again.

I don't see any really limitations besides the fact that it was by the British knowing their feelings towards the CCCP during the 1960s even with the close relationship the British and US had.

"Cold War in Europe" chapter 7

1. How much progress was made towards detente in Europe in 1963-69 and what problems had to be overcome?

a. describe two treaties - Test Ban treaty of 1963 set up to stop testing of nuclear weapons. And the Warsaw Treaty of 1970 most likely unifying USSR and her satellite states.

b. why had the US lost some of its moral authority?

They had failed in Vietnam, and distrust among NATO members.

c. what were the Europeans focused on during this time? what made their task easier?

To stay strong and regain their freedom from the war. Detente because its was a point when the cold war was even colder and nothing world ending happened.

d. how did Franc contribute to detente?

1. Withdrew from NATO

2. Alliance with West Germany

3. EEC

e. how did the Hamel Report define the role of NATO in the age of detente?

That it's members needed to stay unify in order to keep peace, that they basically had to trust each other.

f. what three factors combined to weaken Soviet control over the eastern bloc?

Clashes with China over communism, the production of the eastern bloc countries were behind, technology disadvantages, oil problems.

g. according to the Bucharest Declaration, what were the goals of the Warsaw Pact for detente?

Become advanced, essentially become more communist.

h. What three steps did Dubcek take in Czechoslovakia, which lead to the Prague Spring?

Invasion of Czechoslovakia, censorship of anti communist believes, and ganged up on them.

i. How did the Prague Spring end?

IT was seen that the USSR did have the right to do this because of the Brezhnev Doctrine

IRL 14

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4925262.stm

News Story

By: Stephen Gibbs

BBC News, Havana

It connects to what we are studying in class because it shows the anniversary of a major victory over the US in the Cold War. Kennedy tried to have a communist dictator in Cuba be overthrown which failed and made the US look week. Also we're learning how they tried to contain communism since 1945 though China, Vietnam, North Korea, and now Cuba have all become communist nations.

It adds value to what I've already learned because I see 15 years after the Cold War the only predominate Communist nation around still celebrates a time when Communism essential won, also it shows how easily things come have become and escalated into World War 3.

Limitations faced with this new story is it only tells what the US did, but not why they did this or what they were trying to do with Castro or for that matter what kinda of leader Castro was that his own people wanted to kill him.

IRL 13

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolradio/history/britainsincethe1930s_clip01.shtml

News story and video.

BBC.

It connects to what we are studying in class because were studying the Cold War, and the arms race and testing of nuclear weapons was important for both Western and Eastern powers. It enhances what we've learned in class because we see the accidents of using nuclear materials and what a few select countries were doing during the Cold War in their race. Some limitations of this are produced by BBC so their intentions may have been to make Britian and USA look better than USSR.

IBHL1 SGQ13

MWH p. 143-147
1. Background
a. Explain the evolution of control of Korea from 1910 to 1948-Korea was Originally controlled by the Japanesse but when they were defeated in WWII the US and USSR decided to divide Korea among the 38th pararellel Russia in the North and America in the south.
b. What was the leadership situation in Korea in 1949? The UN supervised elections in the south, were Syngman Rhee won as president for the independent Republic. Russian's created the Democratic People's Republic of Korea which Kim II Sung won.
2. Why did the North invade the South?
Possible answers:
a. Kim's idea - It was his own idea.
b. Chinese role - The new Chinese Communist government may have encouraged them.
c. Russian role - Stalin wanting to test Trumans determinatoin.
d. S. Korea's role - South Korea was blamed for it, that they crossed the 38th Parallel.
3. What did the USA do?
a. Why did Truman decide to intervene?
i. He believed it was Stalin's doing trying to spread communism.
ii. Some American's though the appeasement of aggressors would happen again.
iii. Truman wanted to support UNO since Leauge of Nations failed.
iv. He was loosing popularity since he was in the democratic party and the Republicans criticized him for not taking action.
b. What nations joined the US in support of S. Korea?- Japan, though 14 other countries senty troops that were all lead my American General MacArthur.
c. Briefly summarize the course of the war in 1950- The UN quickly cleared the communists out of the south before then end of the Setpember. Truman then ordered a invasion of North Korea so that it would be a united Korea with free elections.
d. How and why did China get involved?- Because they were afraid America would keep going once they took over North Korea.
e. How did the war end?- The Chinese had sent such large forces the only other way may have been to drop atomic bombs which would lead to a full scale war.
4. What were the results of the war?
a. Korea - Left 4 million dead and 5 million homeless the country was devastated.

b. the US - Divided among people, some felt that they did well, others though that they gave up a on a good chance of getting rid of communism.
c. the UN -should it would follow through.
d. China - It showed China was a formidable opponent with a powerful army. China had stopped Korea from being unified.
e. the Cold War - Caused more tenison with China interving and North Korea now communist. Truman's plan for containment was failing because communism was spreading throughout the world.