Nasser was the President and leader that put Egypt on the map but this was due to the support he drew from the people which also helped him create a cult of personality. The cult of personality that Nasser created in his state can be seen in the picture from Source G, thousands of people looked grief stricken for his funeral. This may be due to the shock because his cult of personality and ability to lead, led the people to believe in him. Source F, claimed that the magic he presented was shown in the dreams he had promised for the Egyptians. Also Source C claims that he had a hypnotic power over the Egyptians in his cult of personality so that would explain the grief shown in the image because the realization of Nasser has not set in yet.
Egypt was put back on the map by Nasser, but he did this by playing off of the old traditions that he abandoned in his domestic policies.Shown in Source B. While he is a leader for the Suez crisis and leading Egypt away from imperialism, also as a Arab leader. He put Egypt back on the map through historical routes such as the problems with Israel and problems with British and French intervention with the Suez Canal.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
“Discuss the long-term and the short-term causes for the rise of Nasser to power.”
Nasser was able to come to power because the Free Officers proved more effective and had less of a embarrassment on the Egyptian people, than the constitutional monarchy did because, King Farouk was never independent from the Uk. And he continually embarrassed Egypt. The short term causes that effected Nasser coming to power, are that in 1953 once the complete take over was put into place. Monarchy was abolished, the 1923 constitution was withdrawn, political parties were banded and though Egypt proclaimed to be a Republic RCC. Made Nasser vice and Naghib president. This gave put him right into power that he could become President eventually. While his long term goals consisted of treaties and humiliation from Britain in such as the 1923 Constitution which made a constitutional monarchy in Britain even thought the British still interfered. Which showed no independence from Britain. Then in 1936 the Anglo-Egyptian lead to more humiliation between the Egyptians and the government.. The Arab-Israeli War in 1948 could arguable be a leading point for Nasser's rise because it lead to the humiliation of the Egyptian government. Especially King Farouk. January 1952 saw the "Black Saturday" saw dangerous riots in Cairo “Last straw that broke the camel’s back” which was around the time that Nasser began playing a role in taking over the government. The establishment of the Free Officers as a long term goal as well because this group would lead a "bloodless coupe" in July 1952, which replaced King Farouk with Revolutionary Command Council. How Nasser became involved. Then finally in 1954 saw the finally long term goal because Nasser and Naghib has a disagreement and led to resignation leads to constructing a his Nasserist State, once he was able to become President.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Assignment: Music in Britain 1960s
Different music types appeared in the UK after the 1960s, we saw the rise of the Beatles and Bob Dylan. Different music genres also rose in the UK due to the socio-economic issues such as unemployment and unfair opportunities. Though there was no solution by creating genres such as Punk rock (THe Clash, Ramones, Sex Pistols), the bands were able to incite the youth with rage from their lyrics and general concert appearances. Music was the counter-culture to past, Punk and other prototype generes such as ska, and reggae stood as anti-establishment. Which began in the 1960s, "Swinging Sixties" where old culture values were abandoned and new ones were adopted.
Once the 60s had ended the transition of the anti-establishment had gone into the 1970s with the formation of punk rock, except the music was a little different. Though many of the Clash is early music had chord riffs and drew much influence from the Beatles, and the New York Dolls. Even though many of the bands were rising up against elite pop bands. Most punk bands, before becoming evolved were religious and also were part of the middle class. However most switched to nihilism in their anti everything attitude.
Historians on the topic ( my ee) believed that people in London used punk rock in order to make money in a tough economy. Malcolm McLaren, manager to most Punk bands used the creation of punk to make money.
Once the 60s had ended the transition of the anti-establishment had gone into the 1970s with the formation of punk rock, except the music was a little different. Though many of the Clash is early music had chord riffs and drew much influence from the Beatles, and the New York Dolls. Even though many of the bands were rising up against elite pop bands. Most punk bands, before becoming evolved were religious and also were part of the middle class. However most switched to nihilism in their anti everything attitude.
Historians on the topic ( my ee) believed that people in London used punk rock in order to make money in a tough economy. Malcolm McLaren, manager to most Punk bands used the creation of punk to make money.
Thursday, March 17, 2011
The Age of Prosperity
1. a.(State of Prosperity) - referenced in Source A suggest that living standards and working conditions had improved greatly for everyone, doesn't really sound like "classes" anymore as much as equality among classes. This would make sense as well since this is post World War II and UK was devastated by this.
b. (mother's little helper) - The song seems to reference a child to help out her mother, when in fact it's talking about the mother taking drugs, and getting more drugs from the "doctor". The helper is the drug and it's taking away the mother/wife from doing her daily old custom duties.
2. Source A and C depict polar opposites of consumers in UK at the time. Source A shows that everyone was happy and prosperous. Where you could go to any part of the UK and see this. While Source C depicts this differently, where Joe Strummer a citizen in the UK finds it difficult to shop in the grocery store. Showing that the "state of prosperity" wasn't for everyone, especially in the consumer society.
3. Source A's origin is a speech to a rally of Conservative supporters by the Prime Minister Harold MacMillian in 1957. It's purpose is to show how England had reached a "state of prosperity" and that everyone was happy for the first time in a long time. It's valuable because it was written in 1957, giving hindsight to the historian studying the time period. It's origin is also valuable because a historian needs primary sources, which this is and it is also from a Prime Minister, someone who has authority in the country. While this can also be a limitation because though little is given on it's origins, it however could be fully untrue. Prime Minister Harold MacMillian may have said these things for his own personal gain not exactly the truth. But to make this limitation a value, historians look at this primary source and others by regular people since this speech is directed towards them in order to compare validity.
Source C's origin is a song called, "Lost in the Supermarket" from the Clash's Strummer Jones written in 1979. It's purpose to is to convey how Strummer is feeling with society in London. Also how he feels he is unhappy and lost his personality due to the "prosperity". It's valuable to a historian studying the time period because not only does it give it hindsight but also the song is written by a more regular person than the Prime Minister so it also adds incite on how things really were from his perspective. This could also be a limitation because due to it being a song he may have been pressured into writing a song like this to meet the demands of the label.
4. According to Source A around the 1950s the economy was great and prosperous for everyone that lived in the UK. While in Source B it depicts the wife, changing her role a little bit. For example it says "Cooking fresh food for a husband's just a drag, so she buys an instant cake and she burns her frozen steak". The song is a drug reference that was written in the 1960s, between 1950 to 1980 there was a cultural role change that affected the consumer economy.Source C however depicts the consumer economy as a degression in the late 1970s. Strummer Jones, is highly unhappy with the situation and feels like there is a loss of identity. Seems like everyone is becoming one and joining this consumer economy and to him its not for the better of the UK. According to the graph (http://tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/timetric-uk-real-gdp-since-1950/) the consumer economy more than triples between 1950 to 1980. Due to problems with the consumer economy in the 1970s this led to massive unemployment which could be seen as both a good and a bad thing, because this lead to more popular culture such as the New Wave of Music and also Punk Rock music but once the two started to merge this is where Source C takes a play. Due to Strummer feeling he lost his personality and also being unhappy.
b. (mother's little helper) - The song seems to reference a child to help out her mother, when in fact it's talking about the mother taking drugs, and getting more drugs from the "doctor". The helper is the drug and it's taking away the mother/wife from doing her daily old custom duties.
2. Source A and C depict polar opposites of consumers in UK at the time. Source A shows that everyone was happy and prosperous. Where you could go to any part of the UK and see this. While Source C depicts this differently, where Joe Strummer a citizen in the UK finds it difficult to shop in the grocery store. Showing that the "state of prosperity" wasn't for everyone, especially in the consumer society.
3. Source A's origin is a speech to a rally of Conservative supporters by the Prime Minister Harold MacMillian in 1957. It's purpose is to show how England had reached a "state of prosperity" and that everyone was happy for the first time in a long time. It's valuable because it was written in 1957, giving hindsight to the historian studying the time period. It's origin is also valuable because a historian needs primary sources, which this is and it is also from a Prime Minister, someone who has authority in the country. While this can also be a limitation because though little is given on it's origins, it however could be fully untrue. Prime Minister Harold MacMillian may have said these things for his own personal gain not exactly the truth. But to make this limitation a value, historians look at this primary source and others by regular people since this speech is directed towards them in order to compare validity.
Source C's origin is a song called, "Lost in the Supermarket" from the Clash's Strummer Jones written in 1979. It's purpose to is to convey how Strummer is feeling with society in London. Also how he feels he is unhappy and lost his personality due to the "prosperity". It's valuable to a historian studying the time period because not only does it give it hindsight but also the song is written by a more regular person than the Prime Minister so it also adds incite on how things really were from his perspective. This could also be a limitation because due to it being a song he may have been pressured into writing a song like this to meet the demands of the label.
4. According to Source A around the 1950s the economy was great and prosperous for everyone that lived in the UK. While in Source B it depicts the wife, changing her role a little bit. For example it says "Cooking fresh food for a husband's just a drag, so she buys an instant cake and she burns her frozen steak". The song is a drug reference that was written in the 1960s, between 1950 to 1980 there was a cultural role change that affected the consumer economy.Source C however depicts the consumer economy as a degression in the late 1970s. Strummer Jones, is highly unhappy with the situation and feels like there is a loss of identity. Seems like everyone is becoming one and joining this consumer economy and to him its not for the better of the UK. According to the graph (http://tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/timetric-uk-real-gdp-since-1950/) the consumer economy more than triples between 1950 to 1980. Due to problems with the consumer economy in the 1970s this led to massive unemployment which could be seen as both a good and a bad thing, because this lead to more popular culture such as the New Wave of Music and also Punk Rock music but once the two started to merge this is where Source C takes a play. Due to Strummer feeling he lost his personality and also being unhappy.
Monday, March 14, 2011
Activity: UK education
1. Source A shows that education wasn't as big or valued. It isn't a elite school, it's a school for everyone so according to Source A the education was classless.
Source B shows that education was valued and due to economic pressure, leaving it up to the government to take care of education and give opportunities. It agrees with Source A with the fact that most of British society higher ups were able to to access this education.
Source C Agrees with both sources because it shows that middle class students were and had more educational advantages then working class students.
2.1906 "Working men lacked the educational and social skills of their middle- and upper-class counterparts, most of whom had been educated at public school and university. They faced hostility or indifference when they presented themselves as prospective parliamentary candidates, from working-class voters imbued with a deferential preference for representatives drawn from among their social superiors as much as from middle-class election committees reluctant to support a working man. "
"The examination is called the eleven plus . Partly due to the failure to fully implement the tri-partite system prescribed by the 1944 Education Act, the examination came to be seen as delivering a pass/fail result with the academically selected pupils passing and attending grammar schools and the remaining pupils being deemed to have failed and being consigned to the poorly funded schools euphemistically designated Secondary Modern Schools ."
Structure after 1945:
Structure of Educational System
Pre-higher Education System
Higher Education System
Administrative structure of higher education
Admissions to Higher Education and Recognition
3. From the three sources it would appear that education wasn't something that everyone could have in the social structure, do to only upper class or elites being able to obtain higher education. Also with the fact that when that middle class could obtain higher education over working class. This left little social mobility for working class. education became more democratic though in 1973, 20% of British 18 years old received education compared to 75% in America. This left a huge class diverges in Britain at the time with a rich, middle, and lower class. I feel when answering the question it is also important to include women, since gender diverge went down while the social class diverge widened. Since the economy took a dip in the 1970s unemployment soared this meant that little educational opportunities could be provided for the working class, and lower middle class.
Source B shows that education was valued and due to economic pressure, leaving it up to the government to take care of education and give opportunities. It agrees with Source A with the fact that most of British society higher ups were able to to access this education.
Source C Agrees with both sources because it shows that middle class students were and had more educational advantages then working class students.
2.1906 "Working men lacked the educational and social skills of their middle- and upper-class counterparts, most of whom had been educated at public school and university. They faced hostility or indifference when they presented themselves as prospective parliamentary candidates, from working-class voters imbued with a deferential preference for representatives drawn from among their social superiors as much as from middle-class election committees reluctant to support a working man. "
"The examination is called the eleven plus . Partly due to the failure to fully implement the tri-partite system prescribed by the 1944 Education Act, the examination came to be seen as delivering a pass/fail result with the academically selected pupils passing and attending grammar schools and the remaining pupils being deemed to have failed and being consigned to the poorly funded schools euphemistically designated Secondary Modern Schools ."
Structure after 1945:
Structure of Educational System
Pre-higher Education System
Higher Education System
Administrative structure of higher education
Admissions to Higher Education and Recognition
3. From the three sources it would appear that education wasn't something that everyone could have in the social structure, do to only upper class or elites being able to obtain higher education. Also with the fact that when that middle class could obtain higher education over working class. This left little social mobility for working class. education became more democratic though in 1973, 20% of British 18 years old received education compared to 75% in America. This left a huge class diverges in Britain at the time with a rich, middle, and lower class. I feel when answering the question it is also important to include women, since gender diverge went down while the social class diverge widened. Since the economy took a dip in the 1970s unemployment soared this meant that little educational opportunities could be provided for the working class, and lower middle class.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Case Study: United Kingdom Gender Equality
1. There hasn't been many women in power or in parliament since the time of Margaret Thatcher, however "Lastly, the representation of women in the European Parliament has gradually grown during the last four decades. The Common Assembly ( 1952-58) included one woman out of 78 representatives, or 1.3 percent of the total. This increased marginally to 3 percent of members in the Parliament of the Six ( 1958-1972), then 5.5 percent in 1978 (European Commission 1979)." Thatcher's goal was to give everyone man or women a political voice, and women's representation has increased in parliament. Also when it came to voting, "The major breakthrough came in the first direct elections in 1979, resulting in 69 women out of 410 representatives, or 16.8 percent. The proportion increased, with some fluctuations, during the next decade until by 1994 one-quarter of all MEPs are women. This compares with women constituting about a fifth (16 percent) of members in equivalent national legislatures." Women may not have been in power but they had a say who would be in power. However omen elected in European elections have been the lowest in the UK, fluctuating around 14-18% from 1979 to 1994 which is the lowest in Europe.
2. Thatcher winning and becoming Britain's first female prime minister affected the role of women for several reasons. One by having a women in power, she is going to make laws that are beneficial to helping womanhood, this may be why laws of easier divorce and contraceptives where put in place towards the end of the 60s, it didn't stop women from having a voice politically. Also Thatcher was very conservative meaning older traditions such as only men having political power were put to the test by having a women being prime minster. Also with her winning, came human rights that helped to not alienate women as much as they were in previous generations. Her becoming prime minister and defending human rights would lead to a diverge still in UK today about the idea of political free choice and how its a human right. Which is something women did not have the right to do do prior her winning the role of prime minister. Thatcher is even quoted saying, "It would seem a worthy objective for men and women to wish to raise the standard of living for their families and to give them greater opportunities than they themselves had. I wish more people would do it. We would then have fewer saying, "the state must do it."
3. Religion evolved into something less important in the country, with the abortion laws of 1967, and also with contraceptives available from the Swinging Sixties. Plus with the Family Planning Act of 1967, this lead to women becoming educated about not having to have children if they wished not to and also giving them more rights. Religious beliefs would definitely be against contraceptives which would cause the idea of religion in the UK to go down since 1945 and cause Uk to become more liberal about contraceptives and religion towards the 21st century. Also, "There was, of course, a time when the Christian religion was the only permitted form of worship in our land. Today we live in what is called a "plural society," one in which many different traditions of belief exist alongside each other and also alongside other more recent fashions-those of total disbelief or even nihilism. No doubt we have absorbed much from other systems of belief and contributed much to them. The change, however, has also brought its dilemmas, not least for the legislator." Religion slowly evolved in something that was less important especially for women in from 1945- to 2000, which is seen in the Swinging Sixties with the idea of homosexuality and adultery, becoming more open and accepted.
WORKS CITED:
Katz, Richard S. and Bernhard Wessels, eds. 1999. The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=41395869. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.
Roberts, Clayton Roberts David. “A History of England: 1688 to the present”. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980.
Thompson, Juliet S. and Wayne C. Thompson, eds. 1994. Margaret Thatcher: Prime Minister Indomitable. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85710688. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.
2. Thatcher winning and becoming Britain's first female prime minister affected the role of women for several reasons. One by having a women in power, she is going to make laws that are beneficial to helping womanhood, this may be why laws of easier divorce and contraceptives where put in place towards the end of the 60s, it didn't stop women from having a voice politically. Also Thatcher was very conservative meaning older traditions such as only men having political power were put to the test by having a women being prime minster. Also with her winning, came human rights that helped to not alienate women as much as they were in previous generations. Her becoming prime minister and defending human rights would lead to a diverge still in UK today about the idea of political free choice and how its a human right. Which is something women did not have the right to do do prior her winning the role of prime minister. Thatcher is even quoted saying, "It would seem a worthy objective for men and women to wish to raise the standard of living for their families and to give them greater opportunities than they themselves had. I wish more people would do it. We would then have fewer saying, "the state must do it."
3. Religion evolved into something less important in the country, with the abortion laws of 1967, and also with contraceptives available from the Swinging Sixties. Plus with the Family Planning Act of 1967, this lead to women becoming educated about not having to have children if they wished not to and also giving them more rights. Religious beliefs would definitely be against contraceptives which would cause the idea of religion in the UK to go down since 1945 and cause Uk to become more liberal about contraceptives and religion towards the 21st century. Also, "There was, of course, a time when the Christian religion was the only permitted form of worship in our land. Today we live in what is called a "plural society," one in which many different traditions of belief exist alongside each other and also alongside other more recent fashions-those of total disbelief or even nihilism. No doubt we have absorbed much from other systems of belief and contributed much to them. The change, however, has also brought its dilemmas, not least for the legislator." Religion slowly evolved in something that was less important especially for women in from 1945- to 2000, which is seen in the Swinging Sixties with the idea of homosexuality and adultery, becoming more open and accepted.
WORKS CITED:
Katz, Richard S. and Bernhard Wessels, eds. 1999. The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=41395869. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.
Roberts, Clayton Roberts David. “A History of England: 1688 to the present”. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980.
Thompson, Juliet S. and Wayne C. Thompson, eds. 1994. Margaret Thatcher: Prime Minister Indomitable. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85710688. Internet. Accessed 2 March 2011.