"CME" Key Questions 36-44

1)The causes of tension on Israel's borders were Arabs upset at the Western powers claiming they aided Israel to become independent. And the major tension was there was no treaty signed after the war and the ceasefire lines continue to have increasing tension were they was sometimes fighting. But with Jordan they had reprisals which were attacks from Palestine's whom fled to Jordan and reprisals from Israel.

2) The Egyptians resented the fact that British presence was in the country for several reasons; one because the Egyptians felt that the British were there to use the Suez Canal which the Egyptians built out of force labor. The Egyptians also resented them because the British were seen as bad along with the other western powers because of the creation of Israel and the fact that some Egyptians felt that the King was a push over for the British.

3) A bunch of educated officers called the "Free Officers" waited, plotted, and tried to gain support throughout the army without getting caught. Then in 1952 they easily took over the government buildings and announce that a general would be ruling.

4) To show up the leader and show he was weak and is army was the same. Israel also attacked Gaza because of the Palestinian raids on Israel.

5) They all decided to attack not essentially Egypt but its President Nasser, because he claimed and took over the Suez Canal, traded with communists, and the Israeli's were worried that his military combined with the other Arab nations would be to strong. So Israel invaded Egypt.

6) The Anglo-French told the Israeli's and the Egyptians both to withdraw from the area or they would be use force to get the Israeli's and Egyptians to leave. The Egyptians refused so they were bombed crippling their air force, so the Arab reaction was to halt Oil, American reaction was to cease aid to Britain.

7) The winners were the Egyptians and the Israeli's because Egyptians proved they could hold their own against Anglo-French and did't give up, even though they were attacked by Anglo-French and the Israeli's. The Israeli's also won because they claimed land and proved their deffence force to be the strongest in the Middle East, after this crisis the UN sent troops in order to protect Israel from the raids. While the Anglo-French were the losers of this crisis because they had failed to take control of the Canal and they also failed to overthrow Nasser.

IRL 17

http://middleeast.about.com/od/arabisraeliconflict/qt/me081115.htm

News Story

Pierre Tristam at About.com Guide

It connects to what we are studying in class because we just finished reviewing Israel becoming a recognize country. And how the Arabs were very upset by this and refused to acknowledge Israel as existing.

It enhances what we've learned because we've seen the before but not the after and this takes place in 1981 were the Saudi Arabians' are trying to bargain with the Israelis for them to relinquish the land they occupied after being attacked by the surrounding Arab nations. If the Israelis do give the land they occupy back then the Saudi Arabians will recognize Israels right to exist which is a first in Saudi Arabian history.

Limitations I saw in this new story is it does a good job describing and telling what the Saudi Arabians wanted and what they were willing to give up but I did not see in it anything about "why" the Israeli's were even occupying parts of the middle east in the first place.

Who was responsible for the creation of Israel?

The UNSCOP decided to remove the British mandates in 1948 and decided that the country known as Palestine would be divided up into parts for the Arabs and the Jews. The British were pressured by the Jewish but never got the job done and turned to the United Nations which formed the group UNSCOP a committee which reported that removing mandates was important and making Israel and Palestine separate states.

IRL 16

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/oct/17/balkans

News Story

John Sweeney of the Washington Observer

It connects to what we are studying in class because we have just finished learning about the Sino-American relations improving now a event like this would put a damper on their relationships since its said that the NATO bombed the Chinese embassy deliberately.

It enhances the value because we see it not as a black and white picture anymore because the relationship had its ups and nows, since beginning one in 1970s now in the 90s it could have been gone.

Limitations faced with this are that its from a American paper which means America was still apart of NATO and was trying to defend their actions by blaming the Chinese for helping the Yugoslavians.

SGQ14 Cuban Missiles and Detente

IBHL1 SGQ14

Guiding questions:

Why did the Cold War spread from Europe to other parts of the world after 1950?

Analyse the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War.

Compare and contrast the role of China and Cuba in the Cold War.

MWH p. 147-149 and 162-165

A. Why did Castro come to power? (p. 147)

1. Why did many Cubans resent America?

a. Americans owned/exploited much of Cuba.

b. President was going to stop exporting Cuban Sugar.

c.Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961 in order to get rid of Fidel Castro.

2. Economic problems

a.Huge unemployment rates.

b. Conflicts with US since their major export was exported by the US

c. Unindustrialized Cuba

3. Why was there no effective political system?

Because in 1933 there was a military coup by Batista in which he was able to control the government and

crush all opposition for a SPS.

4. How did Castro rise to prominence?

He was able to gain support throughout Cuba, and used military warfare to get Batista to flee once the Castro regime began to make its way to Havana.

5. How did the revolution eventually play out?

a. Bastista's actions - He was a cruel dictator who killed any opposition and left Cuba, unindustrialized, high unemployment, and without a government.

b. USA's role - They had controlled a lot of Cuba's exporting industry and had American companies all over Cuba.

B. What was the revolution's effect on Cuba's foreign relations?

1. with the USA - Rocky because American's essentially didn't trust Castro and tried to overthrow him in 1961, and slowly cut off relations.

2. with the USSR - They were happy to help Castro, by putting missiles on the island for protection and bought Sugar to help their economy.

3. with other Latin American countries - Since most governments in Latin America are right wing they felt high suspicions towards the Cuban, and then expelled them from OAS.

C. Castro's domestic problems

1. economic issues

a. Need of help for exporting

b. Unemployment

c. needed to be industrialized.

2. attempted solutions

a. Five year type plans

b. Collectivize farms

c. Soviets bought Sugar exports for them

3. successes

a. Little output success.

b. Was able to survive on the sugar export

c. Tourism to help bring in money to the island.

D. Reasons for detente (p.162)

1. issues for the USSR

a. Hard to keep up with the Americans expense wise was crippling.

b. Problems controlling the Satellite Nations

c. And the bad terms between Khrushchev and Mao

2. issues for the US

They had to find a better way to cope with communism since they failed in Vietnam.

3. issues for China

The Chinese were anxious about American intentions with them and with Vietnam and not happy with the worsened relations with them and Soviets.

4. issues for Western Europe

Worried about being the front line of a nuclear war.

e. What was the nature of detente between the US and the USSR?

1. arms limitations -1972 they signed SALT which limited AMB, ICBM, and SLBM each side could have.

2. Helsinki Agreement - acknowledging the countries drawn up in Eastern Europe after WWII, and the Satellite Nations get freedom of speech and human rights.

3. what setbacks prevented further cooperation?

a. Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979

b. 1980s spent building up arsenal on both sides.

c. Russians deployment of 150 new Russian SS-20 missiles and the Americans put 500 Pershing and Cruise missiles to protect Europe.

4. summarize the arms race during the 1980s:

Very intense with new weapons and built even more that could reach each other and they were scattered everywhere, but Americans had "Star Wars" to essentially fight in space.

f. What was the nature of detente between the US and China?

1. how did each side reach out to the other?

Nixon visited China and invited Americans to table tennis, following this Americans allowed Chinese to join UN

2. what was the primary reason for the lack of full cooperation?

Because China wanted Taiwan to be considered apart of communist China, not nationalist.

3. what was the climax of detente?

Once America and China decided to co-operate, and they felt they had good enough relations. But Chinese were worried that Vietnam type thing would occur again.

4. what issues arose and created more tension?

The Chinese putting down the demonstration in Tienanmen Square. And their naval exerices in the straits of Taiwan.

g. Sino-Soviet relations

1. why did relations between the Soviets and Chinese deteriorate?

a. Because of Khrushchev's views of Stalin and Mao's views of Stalin.

b. Ideological arguments on how to run a communist nation.

2. what were Chinese grievances towards the USSR in 1984?

a. the presence of Russian troops in Afghanistan

b.Soviet backing of the Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea

c. the Soviet troop build-up along the Chinese frontiers of Mongolia and Manchuria.

3. how did tensions ease after 1984?

Gorbachev made five year agreements on trade and economic co-operations, also Vietnam in 1989 withdrew troops from Kampuchea.

Sino-American Relations

"No great realignment." What evidence is contained in all of the Sources A-C that the changes in the relations between the USA and the PRG in 1971 were less fundamental than is sometimes supposed?

Source A states that China has had little experience of conducting diplomacy based on the sovereign equality of nations. It also states the China's attitude toward foreign countries retains elements of aloofness, suspicion and hostility. This shows that China was very inexperienced when forming relations with the US showing it was less than fundamental. In Source B, the US would react with force if any reputation of Republic of China is lost in the UN. This shows that's less fundamental because the UN would still not realize that the communist were in control but believe that the nationalists in Taiwan still had some power. Source B also shows that the US and China, have different fundamentally social systems that lead to fundamentally different governments. In source C, secret meetings were held, and the conversations made were not recorded therefore the only information we have for public statements are, "today our two people as hold in their hand the future of the whole world?" It's less fundamental because the foreign policy changes an the Chinese and Americans are not making public to the people.

IRL 15

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/29/newsid_3087000/3087171.stm

News Story

From BBC

It connects to what we are studying in class because, as a class we just finished discussing the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and how it seemed we were doomed. This article relates because it shows how in 1960 Khrushchev was unpredictable and seem as irrational for freaking out on the UN.

It enhances what we've already learned in class because it essentially foreshadows events to come, seeing how unreasonable and irrational that he was, when he didn't get his way about the missiles being point at Turkey, it is a surprise that he and Kennedy were able to take a hot war and turn it back into a cold war again.

I don't see any really limitations besides the fact that it was by the British knowing their feelings towards the CCCP during the 1960s even with the close relationship the British and US had.

"Cold War in Europe" chapter 7

1. How much progress was made towards detente in Europe in 1963-69 and what problems had to be overcome?

a. describe two treaties - Test Ban treaty of 1963 set up to stop testing of nuclear weapons. And the Warsaw Treaty of 1970 most likely unifying USSR and her satellite states.

b. why had the US lost some of its moral authority?

They had failed in Vietnam, and distrust among NATO members.

c. what were the Europeans focused on during this time? what made their task easier?

To stay strong and regain their freedom from the war. Detente because its was a point when the cold war was even colder and nothing world ending happened.

d. how did Franc contribute to detente?

1. Withdrew from NATO

2. Alliance with West Germany

3. EEC

e. how did the Hamel Report define the role of NATO in the age of detente?

That it's members needed to stay unify in order to keep peace, that they basically had to trust each other.

f. what three factors combined to weaken Soviet control over the eastern bloc?

Clashes with China over communism, the production of the eastern bloc countries were behind, technology disadvantages, oil problems.

g. according to the Bucharest Declaration, what were the goals of the Warsaw Pact for detente?

Become advanced, essentially become more communist.

h. What three steps did Dubcek take in Czechoslovakia, which lead to the Prague Spring?

Invasion of Czechoslovakia, censorship of anti communist believes, and ganged up on them.

i. How did the Prague Spring end?

IT was seen that the USSR did have the right to do this because of the Brezhnev Doctrine